Transformation cabin (MV/LV)

The transformer substation, also called electrical substation or substation, is a key infrastructure for the distribution of electricity.  

It has the task of transforming high voltage (generally carried by overhead power lines) into medium or low voltage, suitable for use by domestic or industrial consumers or for powering other devices. 

Main components 

A typical transformer substation consists of several elements: 

  • Transformer: the heart of the cabin, an electromagnetic device that reduces the voltage of incoming electricity to a lower level at the output. 
  • Protective equipment: circuit breakers, fuses and relays that protect the transformer and power line from overloads, short circuits or other faults. 
  • Disconnectors: devices that allow parts of the cabin to be electrically isolated for maintenance or operations. 
  • Electrical panels: contain measuring instruments (voltmeters, ammeters) and control devices for cabin operation. 
  • Grounding system: ensures the safety of people in case of failure. 

Types 

There are different types of transformer substations, classified according to: 

  • Voltage level: HV/MV (high voltage/medium voltage), HV/LV (high voltage/low voltage) or MV/LV (medium voltage/low voltage) transformer substations. 
  • Power: The power of the transformer determines the amount of energy the cabin can handle. 
  • Location: cabins can be installed outdoors, in buildings or in special underground rooms. 

Operation

High-voltage electricity is transported through power lines to the transformer substation. Here, the transformer lowers the voltage to a usable level. Medium- or low-voltage electricity is then distributed to consumers through underground cables or overhead lines. 

Importance 

Transformer substations are essential to ensure the efficient and safe distribution of electricity. They enable electricity to be brought to our homes, businesses and cities, powering our daily activities. 

Maintenance

Transformer substations require periodic maintenance to ensure proper operation and safety. Checks include checking equipment, cleaning components and replacing any worn parts.