Charging column

The charging station, also called a charging station, charging point or electric vehicle charging infrastructure, is a crucial element in the electric mobility ecosystem. It represents the access point through which electric vehicles can "refuel" with electricity, charging their batteries and restoring the range needed to drive. 

Main components 

A charging column, while varying in design and functionality, generally consists of: 

  • Connector(s): the physical interface through which the electric vehicle connects to the column. There are different connector standards, some more widely used at the European level (such as Type 2), others specific to certain manufacturers (such as CHAdeMO or CCS). The post can be equipped with one or more different connector types to ensure compatibility with various electric car models. 
  • Display: a screen, often a touch screen, that provides useful information to the user during the charging process. This information may include charging status (in progress, completed), power output, estimated charging time, energy cost, operating instructions, and other useful information. 
  • Card reader/payment system: a device that allows the user to authenticate and initiate charging. This can be done through a credit card, a subscription to a charge service, a smartphone app, or other electronic payment methods. 
  • Meter: a device that accurately measures the amount of electricity delivered to the vehicle during charging. This data is critical for calculating the cost of charging and for payment management. 
  • Communication system: a set of technologies that enable the charging station to communicate with the electric vehicle, the charging network operator, and, in some cases, the power grid. This communication is essential for exchanging information on charging status, managing payments, monitoring the column, and possibly adjusting the power delivered. 
  • Protective casing: a structure that protects the internal components of the column from the elements (rain, snow, sun) and vandalism. The enclosure can be made of metal, plastic or other durable materials. 

Types of columns 

Charging Stations be classified according to various criteria: 

Power output: this is the most important criterion, as it determines the charging speed. Distinctions are made:  

  • Slow (or home) charging: power up to 3 kW. Suitable for overnight charging at home or in places where the vehicle stays for a long time. 
  • Standard (or accelerated) charging: power between 3 and 22 kW. Faster than slow charging, suitable for public places, parking lots, shopping malls or workplaces. 
  • Rapid (or fast) charging: power above 22 kW (and often over 50 kW). Allows a good portion of the battery to be charged in a relatively short time, ideal for long trips or for those who need fast charging. 
  • Ultra-rapid charging: power exceeding 100 kW. Allows electric car to be charged in minutes, minimizing waiting time. 

Mode of delivery: 

  • Alternating current (AC): the post delivers electricity in alternating current, which is then converted to direct current by the in-vehicle charger. 
  • Direct current (DC): the column directly delivers direct current electricity, bypassing the vehicle charger and enabling faster charging. 

Location:  

  • Public charging stations: installed in locations accessible to everyone, such as parking lots, gas stations, shopping centers, and rest areas. 
  • Private charging stations: installed in private homes, businesses, or other locations with restricted access. 
  • Company columns: installed at companies to enable employees to charge their electric vehicles during working hours. 

Operation: a guided process 

The process of charging an electric car at a charging station is generally simple and intuitive: 

  • Connection: the user connects the charging cable from the vehicle to the column, using the appropriate connector. 
  • Authentication: the user authenticates via the intended mode (credit card, subscription, app, etc.). 
  • Start charging: the user initiates charging via the charging column display or the app. 
  • Energy delivery: the column delivers electricity to the vehicle, monitoring the process and providing information to the user. 
  • End of charging: the user can stop charging at any time or wait until the battery is fully charged. 
  • Payment: the user pays for the energy consumed through the prescribed mode. 
  • Disconnection: the user disconnects the charging cable from the vehicle and the charging post. 

A pillar of electric mobility 

Charging Stations essential for the development and spread of electric mobility. They play a crucial role in overcoming range anxiety, i.e., the concern about not having enough energy to reach one's destination.  

A widespread network of Charging Stations, both public and private, is essential to encourage the use of electric cars, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and improve air quality in our cities. 

Maintenance: an aspect not to be neglected

Charging Stations periodic maintenance to ensure proper operation, safety, and reliability. Maintenance activities may include: 

  • Equipment check: check of connectors, display, card reader, meter, and other components. 
  • Cleaning: periodic cleaning of the column to remove dirt, dust and other debris. 
  • Software updates: updating the column software to improve performance, add new features, or fix any bugs. 
  • Repairs: repair of any faults or malfunctions.